抗體的生物素化標(biāo)記實(shí)驗(yàn)要點(diǎn)：

1. 微管蛋白4α抗體規(guī)格 如在反應(yīng)混合液中有疊氮鈉或游離氨基存在,會(huì)抑制標(biāo)記反應(yīng)。因此,蛋白質(zhì)在反應(yīng)前要對(duì) 0.1mol/L碳酸氫鈉緩沖液或0.5mol/L硼酸緩沖液充分透析；

2.所用的NHSB及待生物素化蛋白質(zhì)之間的分子比按蛋白質(zhì)表面的ε-氨基的密度會(huì)有所不同,選擇不當(dāng)則影響標(biāo)記的效率,應(yīng)先用幾個(gè)不同的分子比來篩選最適條件；

3.用NHSB量過量也是不利的,抗原的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)可能因此被封閉,導(dǎo)致抗體失活；

4.由于抗體的氨基不易接近可能造成生物素化不足,此時(shí)可加入去污劑如 Triton x-100, Tween20等；

5.當(dāng)游離ε-氨基(賴氨酸殘基的氨基)存在于抗體的抗原結(jié)合位點(diǎn)時(shí),或位于酶的催化位點(diǎn)時(shí),生物素化會(huì)降低或損傷抗體蛋白的結(jié)合力或活性；

6.生物素還可能與不同的功能基團(tuán),如羰基、氨基、巰基、異咪唑基及苯酚基,也可與糖基共價(jià)結(jié)合；

7.交聯(lián)反應(yīng)后,應(yīng)充分透析,否則,殘余的生物素會(huì)對(duì)生物素化抗體與親和素的結(jié)合產(chǎn)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用；

8.在細(xì)胞的熒光標(biāo)記實(shí)驗(yàn)中,中和親和素的本底低,但由于鏈霉親和素含有少量正電荷,故對(duì)某些細(xì)胞可導(dǎo)致高本底。

產(chǎn)品訂購信息：
英文名稱  Anti-TUBA4A 

中文名稱   微管蛋白4α抗體規(guī)格 

別    名  Alpha tubulin 1; Alpha-tubulin 1; FLJ30169; H2 alpha; TBA4A_HUMAN; Testis specific alpha tubulin; Testis-specific alpha-tubulin; TUBA 4A; TUBA1; Tuba4a; Tubulin alpha 1 (testis specific); Tubulin alpha 1; Tubulin alpha 1 chain; Tubulin alpha 4a; Tubulin alpha 4A chain; Tubulin alpha-1 chain; Tubulin alpha-4A chain; Tubulin H2 alpha; Tubulin H2-alpha.

濃    度   1mg/1ml

規(guī) 格  0.1ml/100μg 0.2ml/200μg

抗體來源   Rabbit

克隆類型   polyclonal

交叉反應(yīng)   Human, Mouse, Rat, Chicken, Pig, Rabbit 

產(chǎn)品類型   一抗  

研究領(lǐng)域    細(xì)胞生物 神經(jīng)生物學(xué) 信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo) 細(xì)胞骨架 細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)

蛋白分子量  predicted molecular weight: 50kDa

性    狀   Lyophilized or Liquid

免 疫 原 KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human TUBA4A 

亞    型   IgG

純化方法   affinity purified by Protein A

儲(chǔ) 存 液   Preservative: 15mM Sodium Azide, Constituents: 1% BSA, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

微管蛋白4α抗體規(guī)格 產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用    WB=1:100-500 ELISA=1:500-1000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 ICC=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500

（石蠟切片需做抗原修復(fù)） 

 not yet tested in other applications.

 optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.  

保存條件  Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. 

Important Note  This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. 

產(chǎn)品介紹 Tubulin is a major cytoskeleton component that has five distinct forms, designated a, b, g, d and e tubulin. a and b tubulins form heterodimers which multimerize to form a microtubule filament. Multiple b Tubulin isoforms (b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6 and b8) have been characterized and are expressed in mammalian tissues. b1 and b4 are present throughout the cytosol, b2 is present in the nuclei and nucleoplasm, and b3 is a neuron-specific cytoskeletal protein. g Tubulin forms the gammasome, which is required for nucleating microtubule filaments at the centrosome. Both d Tubulin and e Tubulin are associated with the centrosome. d Tubulin is a homolog of the Chlamydomonas d Tubulin Uni3 and is found in association with the centrioles, whereas e Tubulin localizes to the pericentriolar material. e Tubulin exhibits a cell cycle-specific pattern of localization; first associating with only the older of the centrosomes in a newly duplicated pair, and later associating with both centrosomes.

Function : Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha-chain.

Subunit : Dimer of alpha and beta chains.

Subcellular Location : Cytoplasm; cytoskeleton.

Post-translational modifications : Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated. This modification occurs exclusively on glutamate residues and results in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Also monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human.

Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the mitotic spindle. Both modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of such modifications is still unclear but they regulate the assembly and dynamics of axonemal microtubules. Acetylation of alpha-tubulins at Lys-40 stabilizes microtubules and affects affinity and processivity of microtubule motors. This modification has a role in multiple cellular functions, ranging from cell motility, cell cycle progression or cell differentiation to intracellular trafficking and signaling.

Similarity : Belongs to the tubulin family.

Database links : UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P68366.1

抗體的鑒定：

1）微管蛋白4α抗體規(guī)格 抗體的效價(jià)鑒定：不管是用于診斷還是用于,制備抗體的目的都是要求較高效價(jià)。不同的抗原制備的抗體,要求的效價(jià)不一。鑒定效價(jià)的方法很多,包括有試管凝集反應(yīng),瓊脂擴(kuò)散試驗(yàn),酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)等。常用的抗原所制備的抗體一般都有約成的鑒定效價(jià)的方法,以資比較。如制備抗抗體的效價(jià),一般就采用瓊脂擴(kuò)散試驗(yàn)來鑒定。

2）抗體的特異性鑒定：抗體的特異性是指與相應(yīng)抗原或近似抗原物質(zhì)的識(shí)別能力?？贵w的特異性高,它的識(shí)別能力就強(qiáng)。衡量特異性通常以交叉反應(yīng)率來表示。交叉反應(yīng)率可用競(jìng)爭(zhēng)抑制試驗(yàn)測(cè)定。以不同濃度抗原和近似抗原分別做競(jìng)爭(zhēng)抑制曲線,計(jì)算各自的結(jié)合率,求出各自在IC50時(shí)的濃度,并按公式計(jì)算交叉反應(yīng)率。 

如果所用抗原濃度IC50濃度為pg/管,而一些近似抗原物質(zhì)的IC50濃度幾乎是無窮大時(shí),表示這一抗血清與其他抗原物質(zhì)的交叉反應(yīng)率近似為0,即該血清的特異性較好。

3）抗體親和力：是指抗體和抗原結(jié)合的牢固程度。親和力的高低是由抗原分子的大小,抗體分子的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)與抗原決定簇之間立體構(gòu)型的合適度決定的。有助于維持抗原抗體復(fù)合物穩(wěn)定的分子間力有氫鍵,疏水鍵,側(cè)鏈相反電荷基因的庫侖力,范德華力和空間斥力。親和力常以親和常數(shù)K表示,K的單位是L/mol?？贵w親和力的測(cè)定對(duì)抗體的篩選,確定抗體的用途,驗(yàn)證抗體的均一性等均有重要意義。

Anti-TREM2/FITC 熒光素標(biāo)記兔抗人、大、小鼠髓系細(xì)胞觸發(fā)受體2抗體IgGMulti-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

Secretin 分泌素(抗原)Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.5mg

Trop-2抗體 Anti-Trop-2 0.1ml

SCN4B 英文名稱： 通道亞基β4抗體 0.2ml

Ephrin B3 英文名稱： 酪酸蛋白激酶B3抗體 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh phospho-IRS1(Ser302) 磷酸化受體底物-1抗體 規(guī)格 0.1ml

Secretin 分泌素(抗原)Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.5mg

DYKDDDDK Tag(CT)/Flag-Tag 標(biāo)簽DYKDDDDK Tag分支肽Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.5mg

Anti-5-HTR4 5-羥色胺受體4抗體Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh Phospho-c-Kit(Ser721) 磷酸化原癌基因c-kit抗體 規(guī)格 0.1ml

羊抗人白蛋白 0.5ml 國(guó)產(chǎn)

XRCC4 英文名稱： X射線修復(fù)交叉互補(bǔ)蛋白4抗體 0.2ml

C21orf106 英文名稱： 21號(hào)染色體開放閱讀框106抗體 0.2ml

Anti-5-HTR4 5-羥色胺受體4抗體Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

Anti-Phospho-c-Fos (Th*5) /FITC 熒光素標(biāo)記兔抗人、大、小鼠磷酸化c-fos抗體IgGMulti-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

Anti-IL-23R/FITC 熒光素標(biāo)記抗白介素-23受體抗體IgGMulti-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh CD133 antigen 造血干細(xì)胞抗原CD133抗體 規(guī)格 0.1ml

Klf4 (Kruppel likefactor 4) 腸道內(nèi)富含的Kruppel樣因子抗原 0.5mg

CD275 英文名稱： 誘導(dǎo)協(xié)同刺激分子配體CD275抗體 0.1ml

Rhesus antibody Rh SREBP-2 膽固醇調(diào)節(jié)元件結(jié)合蛋白2抗體 規(guī)格 0.1ml

Anti-IL-23R/FITC 熒光素標(biāo)記抗白介素-23受體抗體IgGMulti-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

人白介素5(IL-5)ELISA 試劑盒 96T/48T 試劑盒 組裝/原裝

兔子神經(jīng)特異性烯醇化酶(NSE)免疫試劑盒 Rabbit Neuron-specific enolase,NSE ELISA Kit

生長(zhǎng)激素釋放因子(GH-RF)ELISA試劑盒 ，英文名： GH-RF ELISA Kit

Porcinediamineoxidase,DAOELISA試劑盒豬氧化酶(DAO)ELISA試劑盒規(guī)格：96T/48T

Human5-hydroxyindolaceticacid,5-HIAAELISA試劑盒人5羥基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)ELISA試劑盒規(guī)格：96T/48T

humanai-neuophilcytoplasmicaibody,cANCAELISAKit人抗中性粒細(xì)胞胞漿抗體(cANCA)ELISA試劑盒規(guī)格：96T/48T

大鼠羧化不全骨鈣素(ucOC)ELISA試劑盒 ，英文名： ucOC ELISA Kit

人解整合素樣金屬蛋白酶8(ADAM8)ELISA檢測(cè)試劑盒HumanADisiegrinAndMetalloprotease8,ADAM8ELISAKit 96T/48T

鹿血清淀粉樣蛋白A(SAA)免疫試劑盒 Deer Serum amyloid A,SAA ELISA Kit

CLIAKitforPro-ANP(HumanProAialNaiureticPeptide)ELISAKit人前心肽規(guī)格：48T/96T

石蠟切片組織CDK3蛋白表達(dá)熒光顯微鏡檢測(cè)試劑盒10/20次

ELISAKitcalnexin人鈣聯(lián)蛋白規(guī)格：48T/96T

微管蛋白4α抗體規(guī)格 大鼠細(xì)胞間粘附分子1(ICAM-1/CD54)ELISA 試劑盒 96T/48T 試劑盒 組裝/原裝

人抗原MG7-Ag 免疫試劑盒 Human MG7-Ag ELISA Kit

胰蛋白酶測(cè)試盒 紫外分光光度法 50管/48樣

Ratplatelet-derivedgrowthfactor-BB,PDGF-BBELISA試劑盒大鼠血小板衍生生長(zhǎng)因子BB(PDGF-BB)ELISA試劑盒規(guī)格：96T/48T

Humaninsulin-likegrowthfactorsbindingprotein2,IGFBP-2ELISA試劑盒人樣生長(zhǎng)因子結(jié)合蛋白2(IGFBP2)ELISA試劑盒規(guī)格：96T/48T

Humanmethoexate,MTXELISAKit人喋呤(MTX)ELISA試劑盒規(guī)格：96T/48T