抗體的生物素化標(biāo)記實(shí)驗(yàn)要點(diǎn)：

1. 轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1抗體說明書 如在反應(yīng)混合液中有疊氮鈉或游離氨基存在,會(huì)抑制標(biāo)記反應(yīng)。因此,蛋白質(zhì)在反應(yīng)前要對(duì) 0.1mol/L碳酸氫鈉緩沖液或0.5mol/L硼酸緩沖液充分透析；

2.所用的NHSB及待生物素化蛋白質(zhì)之間的分子比按蛋白質(zhì)表面的ε-氨基的密度會(huì)有所不同,選擇不當(dāng)則影響標(biāo)記的效率,應(yīng)先用幾個(gè)不同的分子比來(lái)篩選最適條件；

3.用NHSB量過量也是不利的,抗原的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)可能因此被封閉,導(dǎo)致抗體失活；

4.由于抗體的氨基不易接近可能造成生物素化不足,此時(shí)可加入去污劑如 Triton x-100, Tween20等；

5.當(dāng)游離ε-氨基(賴氨酸殘基的氨基)存在于抗體的抗原結(jié)合位點(diǎn)時(shí),或位于酶的催化位點(diǎn)時(shí),生物素化會(huì)降低或損傷抗體蛋白的結(jié)合力或活性；

6.生物素還可能與不同的功能基團(tuán),如羰基、氨基、巰基、異咪唑基及苯酚基,也可與糖基共價(jià)結(jié)合；

7.交聯(lián)反應(yīng)后,應(yīng)充分透析,否則,殘余的生物素會(huì)對(duì)生物素化抗體與親和素的結(jié)合產(chǎn)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用；

8.在細(xì)胞的熒光標(biāo)記實(shí)驗(yàn)中,中和親和素的本底低,但由于鏈霉親和素含有少量正電荷,故對(duì)某些細(xì)胞可導(dǎo)致高本底。

產(chǎn)品訂購(gòu)信息：
英文名稱  Anti-TGF Beta  1/2/3 

中文名稱   轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1抗體說明書 

別    名  TGFβ1; TGFβ2; TGFβ3; CED; Diaphyseal dysplasia 1 progressive; DPD 1; DPD1; TGF beta 1; TGF beta; TGF beta1; TGF beta2; TGF beta3; TGF-beta 1; TGF-beta 2; TGF-beta 3; TGFB 1; TGFB; TGFB1; TGFB2; TGFB3; Transforming growth factor; Transforming growth factor beta 1; Transforming growth factor beta 2; Transforming growth factor beta 3; Transforming Growth Factor beta.

濃    度   1mg/1ml

規(guī) 格  0.2ml/200μg

抗體來(lái)源   Rabbit

克隆類型   polyclonal

交叉反應(yīng)   Human, Mouse, Rat, Dog, Pig, Cow, Rabbit, Sheep, Guinea Pig 

產(chǎn)品類型   一抗  

研究領(lǐng)域     免疫學(xué) 信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo) 生長(zhǎng)因子和激素 轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)因子

蛋白分子量  predicted molecular weight: 12.8/44kDa

性    狀   Lyophilized or Liquid

免 疫 原 KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human TGF Beta 1 (301-350aa) 

亞    型   IgG

純化方法   affinity purified by Protein A

儲(chǔ) 存 液   0.01M PBS, pH 7.4 with 10 mg/ml BSA and 0.1% Sodium azide

轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1抗體說明書 產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用    WB=1:100-500 ELISA=1:500-1000 IP=1:20-100 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500

（石蠟切片需做抗原修復(fù)） 

 not yet tested in other applications.

 optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.  

保存條件  Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. 

Important Note  This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. 

產(chǎn)品介紹 The TGFBeta superfamily is composed of numerous growth and differentiation factors, including transforming growth factors Beta(TGFBeta)1,2 and 3; placental transforming growth factor (PTGFBeta);growth /differentiation factors (GDFs); mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS);bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs); glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF);inhibins or activins (Alpha,Beta-A, Beta-B and Beta-C),Lefty and Nodal. Members of the TGF superfamily are involved in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis.

Function : Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts.

Subunit : Homodimer; disulfide-linked, or heterodimer with TGFB2. Secreted and stored as a biologically inactive form in the extracellular matrix in a 290 kDa complex (large latent TGF-beta1 complex) containing the TGFB1 homodimer, the latency-associated peptide (LAP), and the latent TGFB1 binding protein-1 (LTBP1). The complex without LTBP1 is known as the'small latent TGF-beta1 complex'. Dissociation of the TGFB1 from LAP is required for growth factor activation and biological activity. Release of the large latent TGF-beta1 complex from the extracellular matrix is carried out by the matrix metalloproteinase MMP3. May interact with THSD4; this interaction may lead to sequestration by FBN1 microfibril assembly and attenuation of TGFB signaling. Interacts with the serine proteases, HTRA1 and HTRA3: the interaction with either inhibits TGFB1-mediated signaling. The HTRA protease activity is required for this inhibition. Interacts with CD109, DPT and ASPN.

Subcellular Location : Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix.

Tissue Specificity : Highly expressed in bone. Abundantly expressed in articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA). Co-localizes with ASPN in chondrocytes within OA lesions of articular cartilage.

Post-translational modifications : Glycosylated.

The precursor is cleaved into mature TGF-beta-1 and LAP, which remains non-covalently linked to mature TGF-beta-1 rendering it inactive.

DISEASE : Defects in TGFB1 are the cause of Camurati-Engelmann disease (CE) [MIM:131300]; also known as progressive diaphyseal dysplasia 1 (DPD1). CE is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hyperostosis and sclerosis of the diaphyses of long bones. The disease typically presents in early childhood with pain, muscular weakness and waddling gait, and in some cases other features such as exophthalmos, facial paralysis, hearing difficulties and loss of vision.

Similarity : Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

Database links : UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P01137.2

生長(zhǎng)因子和激素（ Growth Factor and Hormones） TGF是一種多效生長(zhǎng)因子，對(duì)上皮細(xì)胞增值有潛在，可抑制用于許多如:、、、、、等多種的研究。 TGFβ超級(jí)家族由為數(shù)眾多的生長(zhǎng)的分化因子組成,包括轉(zhuǎn)移生長(zhǎng)因子β1，2和3(TGF β1，TGF β2，TGF β3)；胎盤生長(zhǎng)因子(PTGF-β)；生長(zhǎng)/分化因子(GDFs)；繆氏抑制物(MIS)；骨形態(tài)形成蛋白(BMPs)；交織細(xì)胞元神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子(GDNF);抑制素和活化素(α, β-A,和β-C)，Lefty和Nodal。 TGF超級(jí)家族成員參與胚胎發(fā)育和成體組織體內(nèi)平衡。TGF-β1抗體與TGF-β2和TGF-β3沒有交叉反應(yīng)。與豚鼠有大部分交叉.

抗體的鑒定：

1）轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1抗體說明書 抗體的效價(jià)鑒定：不管是用于診斷還是用于,制備抗體的目的都是要求較高效價(jià)。不同的抗原制備的抗體,要求的效價(jià)不一。鑒定效價(jià)的方法很多,包括有試管凝集反應(yīng),瓊脂擴(kuò)散試驗(yàn),酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)等。常用的抗原所制備的抗體一般都有約成的鑒定效價(jià)的方法,以資比較。如制備抗抗體的效價(jià),一般就采用瓊脂擴(kuò)散試驗(yàn)來(lái)鑒定。

2）抗體的特異性鑒定：抗體的特異性是指與相應(yīng)抗原或近似抗原物質(zhì)的識(shí)別能力?？贵w的特異性高,它的識(shí)別能力就強(qiáng)。衡量特異性通常以交叉反應(yīng)率來(lái)表示。交叉反應(yīng)率可用競(jìng)爭(zhēng)抑制試驗(yàn)測(cè)定。以不同濃度抗原和近似抗原分別做競(jìng)爭(zhēng)抑制曲線,計(jì)算各自的結(jié)合率,求出各自在IC50時(shí)的濃度,并按公式計(jì)算交叉反應(yīng)率。 

如果所用抗原濃度IC50濃度為pg/管,而一些近似抗原物質(zhì)的IC50濃度幾乎是無(wú)窮大時(shí),表示這一抗血清與其他抗原物質(zhì)的交叉反應(yīng)率近似為0,即該血清的特異性較好。

3）抗體親和力：是指抗體和抗原結(jié)合的牢固程度。親和力的高低是由抗原分子的大小,抗體分子的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)與抗原決定簇之間立體構(gòu)型的合適度決定的。有助于維持抗原抗體復(fù)合物穩(wěn)定的分子間力有氫鍵,疏水鍵,側(cè)鏈相反電荷基因的庫(kù)侖力,范德華力和空間斥力。親和力常以親和常數(shù)K表示,K的單位是L/mol?？贵w親和力的測(cè)定對(duì)抗體的篩選,確定抗體的用途,驗(yàn)證抗體的均一性等均有重要意義。

anti-Rarres2/TIG2/FITC 熒光素標(biāo)記視黃酸受體應(yīng)答蛋白2抗體IgGMulti-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

Nociceptin receptor 孤菲肽受體(痛敏肽受體)(抗原)Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.5mg

信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子2抗體 Anti-STAT2 0.2ml

S100A11 英文名稱： S100鈣結(jié)合蛋白A11抗體 0.1ml

EpCAM 英文名稱： 上皮特異性抗原抗體 0.1ml

Rhesus antibody Rh Phospho-MAP2 (Thr1620/1623) 磷酸化微管相關(guān)蛋白2抗體 規(guī)格 0.1ml

Nociceptin receptor 孤菲肽受體(痛敏肽受體)(抗原)Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.5mg

Anti-phospho-STAT5a(pThr694)/FITC 熒光素標(biāo)記抗磷酸化信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子5a抗體IgGMulti-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

Mouse Anti-rabbit IgG 小鼠抗兔IgG (親和層析純化)Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 1mg

谷氨酸半胱氨酸γ合成酶抗體 Anti-GCS 0.1ml

Donkey Anti-rabbit IgG/Alexa Fluor 555 Alexa Fluor 555標(biāo)記的驢抗兔IgG 0.1ml

FKBP10 英文名稱： 肽基脯酰順反異構(gòu)酶FKBP10抗體 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh phospho-Smad3(Ser213) 磷酸化細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)分子SMAD3抗體 規(guī)格 0.1ml

Mouse Anti-rabbit IgG 小鼠抗兔IgG (親和層析純化)Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 1mg

IL-10 人白介素-10Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 48T

Anti-CHK1 細(xì)胞周期檢測(cè)點(diǎn)激酶1抗體Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh NUP160 核孔蛋白NUP160抗體 規(guī)格 0.2ml

Activiated Biotin 活化生物素 5mg

Tumstatin 英文名稱： 抑素抗體 0.2ml

Ceruloplasmin 英文名稱： 銅藍(lán)蛋白抗體 0.1ml

Anti-CHK1 細(xì)胞周期檢測(cè)點(diǎn)激酶1抗體Multi-class antibodies規(guī)格： 0.2ml

MSTN Protein Mouse 重組小鼠 GDF-8 / Myostatin / MSTN 蛋白 (Fc 標(biāo)簽)

BT474 人導(dǎo)管癌細(xì)胞

CPB2 Others Mouse 小鼠 Carboxypeptidase B2 / CPB2 人細(xì)胞裂解液 (陽(yáng)性對(duì)照)

WI-38人胚肺細(xì)胞 WI-38 in human embryo lung cells MEM培養(yǎng)基(GIBCO)+10%FBS

tTA基因修飾的小鼠*癌細(xì)胞(B類);Pan02-CAG-tTA-4B3

人成纖維細(xì)胞(HPrF)(5×105) 人絨毛膜間充質(zhì)基質(zhì)細(xì)胞 Human

CM-H017人上皮細(xì)胞完全培養(yǎng)基100mL

ICOS Others Rat 大鼠 ICOS / AILIM / CD278 人細(xì)胞裂解液 (陽(yáng)性對(duì)照)

主動(dòng)脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞Many types of cells包裝：5 × 105次方(1ml)

NB4細(xì)胞，人急性早幼粒細(xì)胞 綠色熒光蛋白標(biāo)記小鼠前細(xì)胞,MFC-GFP細(xì)胞 成纖維細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基FM-sf-prf

MS751(人子宮頸表皮癌細(xì)胞) 5×106cells/瓶×2

BEL-7402(人細(xì)胞) 5×106cells/瓶×2 CM-R123大鼠角膜成纖維細(xì)胞完全培養(yǎng)基100mL 人細(xì)胞;Hela

轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1抗體說明書 MSTN Protein Mouse 重組小鼠 GDF-8 / Myostatin / MSTN 蛋白 (Fc 標(biāo)簽)

BT474 人導(dǎo)管癌細(xì)胞

CPB2 Others Mouse 小鼠 Carboxypeptidase B2 / CPB2 人細(xì)胞裂解液 (陽(yáng)性對(duì)照)

WI-38人胚肺細(xì)胞 WI-38 in human embryo lung cells MEM培養(yǎng)基(GIBCO)+10%FBS

tTA基因修飾的小鼠*癌細(xì)胞(B類);Pan02-CAG-tTA-4B3

人成纖維細(xì)胞(HPrF)(5×105) 人絨毛膜間充質(zhì)基質(zhì)細(xì)胞 Human