多功能DNA修復(fù)酶抗體費(fèi)用 英文名稱  Anti-REF1/APEX1

中文名稱  多功能DNA修復(fù)酶抗體費(fèi)用 

別    名 mitochondrial; AP endonuclease 1; Ape1; AP endonuclease class I; AP lyase; APE 1; APE; APE-1; APEN; APEX 1; APEX; APEX nuclease (multifunctional DNA repair enzyme) 1; Apex nuclease 1; APEX nuclease; APEX1; APEX1_HUMAN; Apurinic endonuclease; Apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1; Apurinic/apyrimidinic (abasic) endonuclease; Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1; Apurinic/apyrimidinic exonuclease; APX; BAP1; Deoxyribonuclease (apurinic or apyrimidinic); DNA (apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase; DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase; DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase, mitochondrial; EC 4.2.99.18; HAP 1; HAP1; Human Apurinic endonuclease 1; Apurinic/Apyrimidic eEndonuclease 1; MGC139790; Multifunctional DNA repair enzyme; Redox effector factor 1; Redox factor 1; Redox factor-1; REF 1; REF 1 protein; REF-1; REF1; REF1 protein.

產(chǎn)品屬性：

濃    度  1mg/1ml

規(guī) 格  0.1ml/100μg 0.2ml/200μg 1ml/1mg

抗體來源  Rabbit

克隆類型   polyclonal

交叉反應(yīng)   Human, Mouse, Rat, Chicken, Dog, Pig, Cow

產(chǎn)品類型   一抗  

研究領(lǐng)域    細(xì)胞生物 免疫學(xué) 細(xì)胞凋亡 線粒體

蛋白分子量  predicted molecular weight: 36kDa 

性    狀   Lyophilized or Liquid

免 疫 原  KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human APEX1 C-terminus

亞    型  IgG

純化方法   affinity purified by Protein A

儲 存 液   0.01M PBS, pH 7.4 with 10 mg/ml BSA and 0.1% Sodium azide

多功能DNA修復(fù)酶抗體費(fèi)用 產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用   WB=1:100-500 ELISA=1:500-1000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500

（石蠟切片需做抗原修復(fù)） 

 not yet tested in other applications.

 optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.  

保存條件  Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. 

Important Note  This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. 

產(chǎn)品介紹 Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites occur frequently in DNA molecules by spontaneous hydrolysis, by DNA damaging agents or by DNA glycosylases that remove specific abnormal bases. AP sites are pre-mutagenic lesions that can prevent normal DNA replication so the cell contains systems to identify and repair such sites. Class II AP endonucleases cleave the phosphodiester backbone 5' to the AP site. This gene encodes the major AP endonuclease in human cells. Splice variants have been found for this gene; all encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq].

Function : Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 in DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. Functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. Does also incise at AP sites in the DNA strand of DNA/RNA hybrids, single-stranded DNA regions of R-loop structures, and single-stranded RNA molecules. Has a 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity on mismatched deoxyribonucleotides at the 3' termini of nicked or gapped DNA molecules during short-patch BER. Possesses a DNA 3' phosphodiesterase activity capable of removing lesions (such as phosphoglycolate) blocking the 3' side of DNA strand breaks. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation. Acts as a loading factor for POLB onto non-incised AP sites in DNA and stimulates the 5'-terminal deoxyribose 5'-phosphate (dRp) excision activity of POLB. Plays a role in the protection from granzymes-mediated cellular repair leading to cell death. Also involved in the DNA cleavage step of class switch recombination (CSR). On the other hand, APEX1 also exerts reversible nuclear redox activity to regulate DNA binding affinity and transcriptional activity of transcriptional factors by controlling the redox status of their DNA-binding domain, such as the FOS/JUN AP-1 complex after exposure to IR. Involved in calcium-dependent down-regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) expression by binding to negative calcium response elements (nCaREs). Together with HNRNPL or the dimer XRCC5/XRCC6, associates with nCaRE, acting as an activator of transcriptional repression. Stimulates the YBX1-mediated MDR1 promoter activity, when acetylated at Lys-6 and Lys-7, leading to drug resistance. Acts also as an endoribonuclease involved in the control of single-stranded RNA metabolism. Plays a role in regulating MYC mRNA turnover by preferentially cleaving in between UA and CA dinucleotides of the MYC coding region determinant (CRD). In association with NMD1, plays a role in the rRNA quality control process during cell cycle progression. Associates, together with YBX1, on the MDR1 promoter. Together with NPM1, associates with rRNA. Binds DNA and RNA.

Subunit : Monomer. Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Component of the SET complex, composed at least of APEX1, GZMA, SET, ANP32A, HMGB2 and NME1. Associates with the dimer XRCC5/XRCC6 in a DNA-dependent manner. Interacts with SIRT1; the interaction is increased in the context of genotoxic stress. Interacts with HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3; the interactions are not dependent on the APEX1 acetylation status. Interacts with XRCC1; the interaction is induced by SIRT1 and increased with the APEX1 acetylated form. Interacts with NPM1 (via N-terminal domain); the interaction is RNA-dependent and decreases in hydrogen peroxide-damaged cells. Interacts (via N-terminus) with YBX1 (via C-terminus); the interaction is increased in presence of APEX1 acetylated at Lys-6 and Lys-7. Interacts with HNRNPL; the interaction is DNA-dependent. Interacts (via N-terminus) with KPNA1 and KPNA2. Interacts with TXN; the interaction stimulates the FOS/JUN AP-1 complex DNA-binding activity in a redox-dependent manner. Interacts with GZMA, KRT8, MDM2, POLB, PRDX6, PRPF19, RPLP0, TOMM20 and WDR77. Binds to CDK5.

Subcellular Location : Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleolus. Nucleus speckle. Endoplasmic reticulum. Cytoplasm. Note=Detected in the cytoplasm of B-cells stimulated to switch. Colocalized with SIRT1 in the nucleus. Colocalized with YBX1 in nuclear speckles after genotoxic stress. Together with OGG1 is recruited to nuclear speckles in UVA-irradiated cells. Colocalized with nucleolin and NPM1 in the nucleolus. Its nucleolar localization is cell cycle dependent and requires active rRNA transcription. Colocalized with calreticulin in the endoplasmic reticulum. Translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is stimulated in presence of nitric oxide (NO) and function in a CRM1-dependent manner, possibly as a consequence of demasking a nuclear export signal (amino acid position 64-80). S-nitrosylation at Cys-93 and Cys-310 regulates its nuclear-cytosolic shuttling. Ubiquitinated form is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm.

DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase, mitochondrial: Mitochondrion. Note=The cleaved APEX2 is only detected in mitochondria. Translocation from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria is mediated by ROS signaling and cleavage mediated by granzyme A. Tom20-dependent translocated mitochondrial APEX1 level is significantly increased after genotoxic stress.

Post-translational modifications : Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by kinase PKC or casein kinase CK2 results in enhanced redox activity that stimulates binding of the FOS/JUN AP-1 complex to its cognate binding site. AP-endodeoxyribonuclease activity is not affected by CK2-mediated phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of Thr-233 by CDK5 reduces AP-endodeoxyribonuclease activity resulting in accumulation of DNA damage and contributing to neuronal death.

Acetylated on Lys-6 and Lys-7. Acetylation is increased by the transcriptional coactivator EP300 acetyltransferase, genotoxic agents like H(2)O(2) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Acetylation increases its binding affinity to the negative calcium response element (nCaRE) DNA promoter. The acetylated form induces a stronger binding of YBX1 to the Y-box sequence in the MDR1 promoter than the unacetylated form. Deacetylated on lysines. Lys-6 and Lys-7 are deacetylated by SIRT1.

Cleaved at Lys-31 by granzyme A to create the mitochondrial form; leading in reduction of binding to DNA, AP endodeoxynuclease activity, redox activation of transcription factors and to enhanced cell death. Cleaved by granzyme K; leading to intracellular ROS accumulation and enhanced cell death after oxidative stress.

Cys-65 and Cys-93 are nitrosylated in response to nitric oxide (NO) and lead to the exposure of the nuclear export signal (NES).

Ubiquitinated by MDM2; leading to translocation to the cytoplasm and proteasomal degradation.

Similarity : Belongs to the DNA repair enzymes AP/ExoA family.

Database links : UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P27695.2

轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)因子（Transcriptin Regulators）

APEX(Ref-1)是一種多功能蛋白,除了修復(fù)AP位點(diǎn)外,還保持很多轉(zhuǎn)錄因子包括AP-1、NF-κB、CREB、ATF、myb、Pax、HIF-1α、HLF、Egr-1、NF-Y、p53和PEBP2等活性還原狀態(tài),對維持DNA的穩(wěn)定和調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞因子的表達(dá)具有重要作用.

APE1是一種具有DNA修復(fù)、氧化還原以及調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子活性的多功能蛋白, APE在多種細(xì)胞抗氧化損傷過程中起重要的作用。

Ref-1在體內(nèi)是一種廣泛表達(dá)的基因,胞質(zhì)、胞核及胞質(zhì)和胞核同時表達(dá)三種表達(dá)模式,與細(xì)胞的分化成熟過程有關(guān).APE/Ref-1蛋白的不正常表達(dá)、分布及功能改變與細(xì)胞凋亡、發(fā)生、退行性疾病和老年化等病理過程密切相關(guān).

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