抗體的生物素化標(biāo)記實(shí)驗(yàn)要點(diǎn)：

1. 血小板源性生長(zhǎng)因子受體A抗體(PDGFRα)費(fèi)用 如在反應(yīng)混合液中有疊氮鈉或游離氨基存在,會(huì)抑制標(biāo)記反應(yīng)。因此,蛋白質(zhì)在反應(yīng)前要對(duì) 0.1mol/L碳酸氫鈉緩沖液或0.5mol/L硼酸緩沖液充分透析；

2.所用的NHSB及待生物素化蛋白質(zhì)之間的分子比按蛋白質(zhì)表面的ε-氨基的密度會(huì)有所不同,選擇不當(dāng)則影響標(biāo)記的效率,應(yīng)先用幾個(gè)不同的分子比來篩選最適條件；

3.用NHSB量過量也是不利的,抗原的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)可能因此被封閉,導(dǎo)致抗體失活；

4.由于抗體的氨基不易接近可能造成生物素化不足,此時(shí)可加入去污劑如 Triton x-100, Tween20等；

5.當(dāng)游離ε-氨基(賴氨酸殘基的氨基)存在于抗體的抗原結(jié)合位點(diǎn)時(shí),或位于酶的催化位點(diǎn)時(shí),生物素化會(huì)降低或損傷抗體蛋白的結(jié)合力或活性；

6.生物素還可能與不同的功能基團(tuán),如羰基、氨基、巰基、異咪唑基及苯酚基,也可與糖基共價(jià)結(jié)合；

7.交聯(lián)反應(yīng)后,應(yīng)充分透析,否則,殘余的生物素會(huì)對(duì)生物素化抗體與親和素的結(jié)合產(chǎn)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作用；

8.在細(xì)胞的熒光標(biāo)記實(shí)驗(yàn)中,中和親和素的本底低,但由于鏈霉親和素含有少量正電荷,故對(duì)某些細(xì)胞可導(dǎo)致高本底。

產(chǎn)品訂購(gòu)信息：
英文名稱  Anti-PDGFRA 

中文名稱   血小板源性生長(zhǎng)因子受體A抗體(PDGFRα)費(fèi)用 

別    名  PDGF Receptor alpha; Platelet–dirived growth factor receptor-alpha; Alpha platelet derived growth factor receptor; CD 140a; CD140a; CD140a antigen; MGC74795; PDGF alpha chain; PDGF R alpha; PDGFR 2; PDGFR A; PDGFR alpha; PDGFR2; PDGFRA; Platelet derived growth factor receptor 2; Platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha; Platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha polypeptide; PGFRA_HUMAN.

濃    度   1mg/1ml

規(guī) 格  0.1ml/100μg 0.2ml/200μg

抗體來源   Rabbit

克隆類型   polyclonal

交叉反應(yīng)   Human, Mouse, Rat, Chicken, Dog, Pig, Cow, Horse 

產(chǎn)品類型   一抗  

研究領(lǐng)域    心 信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)

蛋白分子量  predicted molecular weight: 117kDa

性    狀   Lyophilized or Liquid

免 疫 原 KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human PDGF-R-A (1041-1089aa) 

亞    型   IgG

純化方法   affinity purified by Protein A

儲(chǔ) 存 液   0.01M PBS, pH 7.4 with 10 mg/ml BSA and 0.1% Sodium azide

血小板源性生長(zhǎng)因子受體A抗體(PDGFRα)費(fèi)用 產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用    WB=1:100-500 ELISA=1:500-1000 IP=1:20-100 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 ICC=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500

（石蠟切片需做抗原修復(fù)） 

 not yet tested in other applications.

 optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.  

保存條件  Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. 

Important Note  This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. 

產(chǎn)品介紹 The PDGF Receptor Type A (Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor precursor, CD140a antigen), a 170kD protein, binds all three isoforms of PDGF with high affinity whereas the PDGF Receptor Type B, a 190kD protein, appears to bind only the PDGF BB homodimer with high affinity. Both receptors are transmembranous, ligand activated protein tyrosine kinases, which phosphorylate a number of important signal transduction proteins, which are bound with differential affinities via SH2 domains. The response of any given cell to PDGF will depend on the types of receptors displayed on the surface and isoforms of PDGF present in the extracellular environment.

Function : Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for PDGFA, PDGFB and PDGFC and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival and chemotaxis. Depending on the context, promotes or inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration. Plays an important role in the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Required for normal skeleton development and cephalic closure during embryonic development. Required for normal development of the mucosa lining the gastrointestinal tract, and for recruitment of mesenchymal cells and normal development of intestinal villi. Plays a role in cell migration and chemotaxis in wound healing. Plays a role in platelet activation, secretion of agonists from platelet granules, and in thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Binding of its cognate ligands - homodimeric PDGFA, homodimeric PDGFB, heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB or homodimeric PDGFC -leads to the activation of several signaling cascades; the response depends on the nature of the bound ligand and is modulated by the formation of heterodimers between PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Phosphorylates PIK3R1, PLCG1, and PTPN11. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, mobilization of cytosolic Ca(2+) and the activation of protein kinase C. Phosphorylates PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and thereby mediates activation of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Mediates activation of HRAS and of the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. Promotes activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5A and/or STAT5B. Receptor signaling is down-regulated by protein phosphatases that dephosphorylate the receptor and its down-stream effectors, and by rapid internalization of the activated receptor.

Subunit : Interacts with homodimeric PDGFA, PDGFB and PDGFC, and with heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB. Monomer in the absence of bound ligand. Interaction with dimeric PDGFA, PDGFB and/or PDGFC leads to receptor dimerization, where both PDGFRA homodimers and heterodimers with PDGFRB are observed. Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with SHB (via SH2 domain). Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with SHF (via SH2 domain). Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with SRC (via SH2 domain). Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with PIK3R1. Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with PLCG1 (via SH2 domain). Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with CRK, GRB2 and GRB7. Interacts with human cytomegalovirus/HHV-5 envelop glycoprotein B/gB.

Subcellular Location : Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=The activated receptor is rapidly internalized and degraded.

Post-translational modifications : N-glycosylated.

Ubiquitinated, leading to its degradation (Probable).

Autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon ligand binding. Autophosphorylation occurs in trans, i.e. one subunit of the dimeric receptor phosphorylates tyrosine residues on the other subunit. Phosphorylation at Tyr-731 and Tyr-742 is important for interaction with PIK3R1. Phosphorylation at Tyr-720 and Tyr-754 is important for interaction with PTPN11. Phosphorylation at Tyr-762 is important for interaction with CRK. Phosphorylation at Tyr-572 and Tyr-574 is important for interaction with SRC and SRC family members. Phosphorylation at Tyr-988 and Tyr-1018 is important for interaction with PLCG1.

DISEASE : Note=A chromosomal aberration involving PDGFRA is found in some cases of hypereosinophilic syndrome. Interstitial chromosomal deletion del(4)(q12q12) causes the fusion of FIP1L1 and PDGFRA (FIP1L1-PDGFRA). Mutations that cause overexpression and/or constitutive activation of PDGFRA may be a cause of hypereosinophilic syndrome.

Defects in PDGFRA are a cause of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) [MIM:606764]. Note=Mutations that cause constitutive activation of PDGFRA may be a cause of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).

Similarity : Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. CSF-1/PDGF receptor subfamily.

Contains 5 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains.

Contains 1 protein kinase domain.

Database links : UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P16234.1

細(xì)胞膜受體（Membrane Receptors)

PDGFR-α是膜受體，具有酪氨酸酶的活性，與其配體PDGF結(jié)合后激活與細(xì)胞增殖有關(guān)的酶及基因。

PDGFR亦表達(dá)于上皮、內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞，、皮膚、腎小球等上皮細(xì)胞均有PDGFR表達(dá).

亦有學(xué)者報(bào)道血小板源性生長(zhǎng)因子受體α抗體在細(xì)胞胞漿胞膜、胞核都有不同的表達(dá)

還有人認(rèn)為：PDGF及其受體一般表達(dá)于浸潤(rùn)組織的細(xì)胞附近，組織缺血損傷、腎小球高壓、免疫因素作用、細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)、實(shí)質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化等導(dǎo)致PDGFR表達(dá)增強(qiáng)

抗體的鑒定：

1）血小板源性生長(zhǎng)因子受體A抗體(PDGFRα)費(fèi)用 抗體的效價(jià)鑒定：不管是用于診斷還是用于,制備抗體的目的都是要求較高效價(jià)。不同的抗原制備的抗體,要求的效價(jià)不一。鑒定效價(jià)的方法很多,包括有試管凝集反應(yīng),瓊脂擴(kuò)散試驗(yàn),酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)等。常用的抗原所制備的抗體一般都有約成的鑒定效價(jià)的方法,以資比較。如制備抗抗體的效價(jià),一般就采用瓊脂擴(kuò)散試驗(yàn)來鑒定。

2）抗體的特異性鑒定：抗體的特異性是指與相應(yīng)抗原或近似抗原物質(zhì)的識(shí)別能力?？贵w的特異性高,它的識(shí)別能力就強(qiáng)。衡量特異性通常以交叉反應(yīng)率來表示。交叉反應(yīng)率可用競(jìng)爭(zhēng)抑制試驗(yàn)測(cè)定。以不同濃度抗原和近似抗原分別做競(jìng)爭(zhēng)抑制曲線,計(jì)算各自的結(jié)合率,求出各自在IC50時(shí)的濃度,并按公式計(jì)算交叉反應(yīng)率。 

如果所用抗原濃度IC50濃度為pg/管,而一些近似抗原物質(zhì)的IC50濃度幾乎是無窮大時(shí),表示這一抗血清與其他抗原物質(zhì)的交叉反應(yīng)率近似為0,即該血清的特異性較好。

3）抗體親和力：是指抗體和抗原結(jié)合的牢固程度。親和力的高低是由抗原分子的大小,抗體分子的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)與抗原決定簇之間立體構(gòu)型的合適度決定的。有助于維持抗原抗體復(fù)合物穩(wěn)定的分子間力有氫鍵,疏水鍵,側(cè)鏈相反電荷基因的庫(kù)侖力,范德華力和空間斥力。親和力常以親和常數(shù)K表示,K的單位是L/mol?？贵w親和力的測(cè)定對(duì)抗體的篩選,確定抗體的用途,驗(yàn)證抗體的均一性等均有重要意義。

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