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蛋白酶激活受體-2抗體品牌 英文名稱  Anti-PAR-2

中文名稱  蛋白酶激活受體-2抗體品牌 

別    名 F2RL1; Gpcr11; GPR11; PAR-2; Proteinase-activated receptor 2; coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1.

產品屬性：

濃    度  1mg/1ml

規(guī) 格  0.1ml/100μg 0.2ml/200μg

抗體來源  Rabbit

克隆類型   polyclonal

交叉反應   Human, Mouse, Rat, Rabbit

產品類型   一抗  

研究領域     細胞膜受體 G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體

蛋白分子量  predicted molecular weight: 40kDa 

性    狀   Lyophilized or Liquid

免 疫 原  KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human PAR2 (101-150aa)

亞    型  IgG

純化方法   affinity purified by Protein A

儲 存 液   0.01M PBS, pH 7.4 with 10 mg/ml BSA and 0.1% Sodium azide

蛋白酶激活受體-2抗體品牌 產品應用   WB=1:100-500 ELISA=1:500-1000 IP=1:20-100 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500

（石蠟切片需做抗原修復） 

 not yet tested in other applications.

 optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.  

保存條件  Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. 

Important Note  This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. 

產品介紹 The Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a member of the proteinase-activated receptor subfamily. It is activated through proteolytic exposure of an occult tethered ligand by trypsin and trypsin-like proteases. This is in contrast to other members of the subfamily which are activated by the protease thrombin. PAR2 has been implicated in acute inflammatory response, asthma, and pain transmission. PAR2 expression has been documented in the periphery. ESTs have been isolated from adrenal, brain, breast, heart/melanocyte/uterus, kidney, lung, and vessel libraries.

Coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1 (F2RL1)is a member of the large family of 7-transmembrane-region receptors that couple to guanosine-nucleotide-binding proteins. F2RL1 is also a member of the protease-activated receptor family. It is activated by trypsin, but not by thrombin. It is activated by proteolytic cleavage of its extracellular amino terminus. The new amino terminus functions as a tethered ligand and activates the receptor. The F2RL1 gene contains two exons and is widely expressed in human tissues. The predicted protein sequence is 83% identical to the mouse receptor sequence. [provided by RefSeq].

Function : Receptor for trypsin and trypsin-like enzymes coupled to G proteins. Its function is mediated through the activation of several signaling pathways including phospholipase C (PLC), intracellular calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB and Rho. Can also be transactivated by cleaved F2R/PAR1. Involved in modulation of inflammatory responses and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, and acts as a sensor for proteolytic enzymes generated during infection. Generally is promoting inflammation. Can signal synergistically with TLR4 and probably TLR2 in inflammatory responses and modulates TLR3 signaling. Has a protective role in establishing the endothelial barrier; the activity involves coagulation factor X. Proposed to have a bronchoprotective role in airway epithelium, but also shown to compromise the airway epithelial barrier by interrupting E-cadherin adhesion. Involved in the regulation of vascular tone; activation results in hypotension presumably mediated by vasodilation. Associates with a subset of G proteins alpha subunits such as G alpha-q, G alpha-11, G alpha-14, G alpha-12 and G alpha-13, but probably not with G(o) alpha, G(i) subunit alpha-1 and G(i) subunit alpha-2. However, according to PubMed:21627585 can signal through G(i) subunit alpha. Believed to be a class B receptor which internalizes as a complex with arrestin and traffic with it to endosomal vesicles, presumably as desensitized receptor, for extended periods of time. Mediates inhibition of TNF-alpha stimulated JNK phosphorylation via coupling to G alpha-q/11; the function involves dissociation of RIPK1 and TRADD from TNFR1. Mediates phosphorylation of nuclear factor NF-kappa-B RELA subunit at 'Ser-536'; the function involves IKBKB and is predominantly independent of G proteins. Involved in cellular migration. Involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement and chemotaxis through beta-arrestin-promoted scaffolds; the function is independent of G alpha-q/11 and involves promotion of cofilin dephosphoryltaion and actin filament severing. Induces redistribution of COPS5 from the plasma membrane to the cytosol and activation of the JNK cascade is mediated by COPS5. Involved in the recruitment of leukocytes to the sites of inflammation and is the major PAR receptor capable of modulating eosinophil function such as proinflammatory cytokine secretion, superoxide production and degranulation. During inflammation promotes dendritic cell maturation, trafficking to the lymph nodes and subsequent T-cell activation. Involved in antimicrobial response of innate immnune cells; activation enhances phagocytosis of Gram-positive and killing of Gram-negative bacteria. Acts synergistically with interferon-gamma in enhancing antiviral responses. Implicated in a number of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases such as of the joints, lungs, brain, gastrointestinal tract, periodontium, skin, and vascular systems, and in autoimmune disorders.

Subunit : Interacts with TLR4, COPS5 and TMED2. Interacts with GNAQ, GNA11, GNA12, GNA13 and GNA14.

Tissue Specificity : Widely expressed in tissues with especially high levels in pancreas, liver, kidney, small intestine, and colon. Moderate expression is detected in many organs, but none in brain or skeletal muscle.

Post-translational modifications : A proteolytic cleavage generates a new N-terminus that functions as a tethered ligand. Activating serine proteases include trypsin, mast cell tryptase, coagulation factors VII and Xa, myeloblastin/PRTN3 and membrane-type serine protease 1/ST14. Proposed subsequent cleaveage by serine proteases is leading to receptor deactivation and include neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G. At least in part, implicated proteases are also shown to activate the receptor; the glycosylation status of the receptor is thought to contribute to the difference. In addition to conventional trypsin-like proteases is proposed to be activated by other proteases and glycosidases derived from bacteria, fungi and insects: serine protease allergens such as dust mite Der p3 and Der p9 and mold Pen c13, Porphyromonas gingivalis arginine-specific (trypsin-like) cysteine proteinases called gingipains, Streptomyces griseus exogenous chitinase, and an Alternaria alternata aspartate protease. Cleavage by the Alternaria alternata aspartate protease generates non-conventional processed forms.

N-glycosylated and sialylated.

Multiple phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues in the cytoplasmic region upon receptor activation; required for receptor desensitization and recruitment of beta-arrestin.

Monoubiquitinated by CBL at the plasma membrane and in early endosomes; not required for receptor endocytosis but for translocation to late endosomes or lysosomes. Deubiquitination involves STAMBP and USP8; required for lysosomal trafficking and receptor degradation.

Similarity : Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.

Database links : UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P55085.1

PAR2也是細胞表面受體，通過G蛋白影響細胞功能，PAR蛋白全稱為蛋白酶活化受體（Protease-activated receptors），是獨立家族的G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體，經研究認為PAR2與，實體等密切相關。

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